はじめに
Part5は「品詞→一致→語法」のうち、最後の“語法”で差がつきます。特に「誰に/何を/前置詞の有無」を問う動詞・表現は要注意。初心者にもわかりやすく、TOEIC頻出の目的語ルールをミニ辞書形式でまとめます。
A. 直接目的語を取る(前置詞いらない)
- discuss X(about不要)例:discuss the plan
- mention X(about不要)例:mention the change
- approach X(to不要)例:approach the customer
- reach X(to不要)例:reach the goal/reach me at 1234
- enter X(into不要)例:enter the building
- attend X(to不要)例:attend the meeting
- answer X(to不要)例:answer a question
- contact X(with不要)例:contact the supplier
- affect X(effectは名詞)例:affect sales
- marry X(with不要)例:marry a colleague
- address X(問題に対処)例:address an issue
- resemble X(like不要)例:resemble her
B. “to+人”が要る(説明・通知系)
- explain X to 人(explain 人 X は不可)
例:explain the issue to clients - describe X to 人
- introduce 人 to 人/X to 人
- suggest/recommend は“人に”を付けるとき前置詞to
例:recommend the hotel to visitors - announce X to 人
C. 人+目的語/人+to V が要る(指示・通知系)
- tell 人 X/tell 人 to V
- inform/notify 人 of/about X(notifyはofが定番)
- remind 人 to V/of X
- advise 人 to V/that S V
- invite/encourage/enable/allow/permit/require/ask 人 to V
- prevent/prohibit/stop 人 from V-ing
- request that S(原形)/require that S(原形)※仮定法現在(should省略可)
D. 動詞+前置詞パターン(要暗記)
- apply for(求職・申請)/apply to(会社・学校)
- depend on/rely on/count on
- respond to/reply to/react to
- result in(結果)/result from(原因)
- comply with/adhere to/conform to(順守)
- participate in/engage in/contribute to
- deal with/cope with/agree with(人)/agree on(意見・価格)/agree to(提案・条件)
- approve of(人の行い)/approve the budget(承認=他動)
E. provide/supply/offer(受け渡し系)
- provide/supply 人 with 物=provide/supply 物 to 人
- offer 人 物=offer 物 to 人/offer to V(申し出る)
F. 名詞+前置詞(コロケ固定)
- an increase/decrease in sales(対象)
- a rise in prices/a drop in demand
- demand for products/responsibility for
- access to/contribution to
G. 形容詞+前置詞(頻出)
- be responsible for/capable of/aware of/familiar with/similar to
- be eligible for/qualified for/available to(人)/available for(目的・用途)
- be suitable for/interested in/subject to(〜の対象)
H. -ing/to不定詞の選択(代表例)
- advise/encourage/allow/ask/require 人 to V
- recommend/suggest V-ing/that S(原形)
- plan/hope/decide/offer/refuse to V
- consider/avoid/finish/deny V-ing
- look forward to V-ing(toは前置詞)
- be used to/be committed to/be opposed to V-ing
I. よく出る副詞コロケ(形容詞・動詞との相性)
- highly recommended/strongly suggest/strictly prohibit
- readily/widely available/closely related
- largely due to/directly affect
J. by/until/through(期限)
- by Friday(その時点までに)/until Friday(その時点まで継続)/through Friday(当日末まで有効)
ミニ演習(各5〜8秒)
1) The manager will __ the new policy at the meeting.
A) explain it to staffs B) explain staffs it C) explain it to staff D) explain to staff it
→ C(explain X to 人;staffは不可算)
2) Please __ the report to Ms. Park.
A) describe her B) describe it to her C) describe to her it D) describe her it
→ B(describe X to 人)
3) The company will __ customers of the change.
A) notify B) notify to C) notify about D) notify that
→ A(notify 人 of/about;空所後にcustomers=人 → notify customers of…)
4) We __ the budget yesterday.
A) approved of B) approved C) approved to D) approved on
→ B(予算=他動approve)
5) Applicants are required __ a photo ID.
A) to bring B) bring C) bringing D) to bringing
→ A(require 人 to V)
6) The meeting was canceled __ a power outage.
A) because B) because of C) due D) although
→ B(because of+名)
7) The sales team will __ the issue this afternoon.
A) discuss about B) discuss C) discuss on D) talk
→ B(discuss X/about不要)
8) She is responsible __ customer inquiries.
A) to B) for C) of D) with
→ B(be responsible for)
9) We look forward __ you at the event.
A) to meet B) to meeting C) for meeting D) meeting to
→ B(to=前置詞)
10) The engineer will __ the supplier tomorrow.
A) contact with B) contact C) contact to D) contact at
→ B(contact 人)
頻出混同ミニ辞書(要保存)
- say to 人/tell 人(sayはthat節多用、tellは人必須)
- speak to/with(人)/talk to(人)/talk about(話題)
- recommend/suggest(to 人/that S 原形/V-ing)※“to 人”の直後にthatは不可
- inform/notify 人 of/about/that…
- remind 人 to V/of N
- provide 人 with N/provide N to 人
- agree with(人)/on(意見)/to(提案・条件)
- approve the plan/approve of the idea(一般的賛同)
- object to/be opposed to+N/V-ing
- participate in/attend(他動)
- respond to/reply to(to必須)
10分ドリル(毎日OK)
- 分2 合図コール:explain X to 人/tell 人 to V/notify 人 of/advise 人 to V/prevent 人 from V-ing
- 分5 例題10問スプリント(上の形式を混在)
- 分2 誤答タグ:explain系/notify系/provide系/approve系/-ing vs to/前置詞ミス
- 分1 コントラスト音読:provide 人 with N/provide N to 人/advise 人 to V/suggest V-ing
- 分0.5 KPI記録(正答/10・平均秒数)
- 分0.5 明日の重点(最多タグ1つ)決定
今日のチェックリスト
- 「誰に/何を/前置詞は?」を1秒で確認できたか?
- explain/describe=X to 人、discuss=前置詞なし を区別できたか?
- notify/inform/remind/advise の目的語パターンを使い分けたか?
- provide/supply/offer の受け渡し型を正しく選べたか?
- -ing/to不定詞の固定表現(look forward to V-ing/ask 人 to V)を即断できたか?
まとめ
語法は「誰に/何を/前置詞は?」の型で即断できます。discuss(前置詞不要)/explain X to 人/advise 人 to V/notify 人 of… をはじめ、受け渡し(provide/offer)や同意・承認(agree/approve)の線引きを固めれば、Part5の取りこぼしは激減します。
毎日の短いドリルで“秒速判定”を体に入れましょう。
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