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第26回コラム：条件・例外の実戦100フレーズ〜unless／except／only if を“瞬間判定”

 

はじめに
TOEICの案内・規約・広告は「条件・例外・但し書き」で点が決まります。コツは“合図語を見た瞬間に向きを判定”すること。今回は、unless／except／only if を核に、実戦でそのまま使える100フレーズを場面別にまとめ、瞬時に判断できる型を身につけます。

0) 瞬間判定ルール（まずはこれだけ）

  • unless＝〜でない限り（例外否定）→ 条件が満たされなければ“起きない”
  • except（for）＝〜を除いて（除外）→ その対象“だけ”適用外
  • only if／as long as／provided that＝〜の場合に限り（必須条件）
  • subject to／depending on＝〜次第（確定ではない）
  • eligible/ineligible＝適格／不適格（対象者の線引き）
  • by／through／until＝締切／期間末まで／その時点で終了

1) unless（〜でない限り）フレーズ 30

  1. Refunds are not available unless the item is unopened.
  2. We can’t reschedule unless you contact us 24 hours in advance.
  3. Access is denied unless you show your ID.
  4. Early check-in isn’t guaranteed unless rooms are ready.
  5. Orders won’t ship unless payment is received.
  6. Tickets are not refundable unless the event is canceled.
  7. Parking isn’t free unless you’re a member.
  8. Late arrivals won’t be seated unless there are empty seats.
  9. Support isn’t offered unless you register online.
  10. We won’t proceed unless all forms are signed.
  11. Discounts don’t apply unless you use the code.
  12. Replacement isn’t available unless the product is defective.
  13. Delivery won’t be made unless someone is home.
  14. We can’t confirm unless you reply by Friday.
  15. Upgrades aren’t possible unless rooms are available.
  16. Changes aren’t allowed unless fees are paid.
  17. You won’t be admitted unless you wear a badge.
  18. Coupons aren’t valid unless printed clearly.
  19. The fee won’t be waived unless you spend $60.
  20. We can’t accept returns unless you include the receipt.
  21. The warranty isn’t valid unless installed by a technician.
  22. We won’t issue a pass unless you complete training.
  23. The offer won’t renew unless you opt in.
  24. We can’t start unless the deposit is made.
  25. Points won’t be added unless you enter your number.
  26. Seating won’t change unless both parties agree.
  27. We can’t deliver upstairs unless there’s an elevator.
  28. Reports won’t be processed unless submitted in PDF.
  29. Courses aren’t open unless enrollment reaches 10.
  30. We won’t refund unless we receive the item within 14 days.

2) except／other than（除外）フレーズ 25

  1. Free shipping applies to all items except oversized products.
  2. The store is open daily except public holidays.
  3. All fees are included except tax.
  4. Discounts apply except on clearance items.
  5. Returns are accepted except for food and flowers.
  6. All sessions are recorded except the Q&A.
  7. The museum is open year-round except Monday.
  8. We accept all cards except prepaid ones.
  9. Delivery is available except to remote islands.
  10. Access is allowed any time except during maintenance.
  11. All services are free except installation.
  12. Offices are open except at lunchtime.
  13. Seating is first-come except for VIP.
  14. No changes except date and time.
  15. We handle all brands except custom models.
  16. All staff can apply except part-time workers.
  17. The route is the same except on weekends.
  18. The coupon works in-store except online.
  19. All attendees may enter except minors.
  20. All floors are accessible except the basement.
  21. No refunds except with a receipt.
  22. Support is available daily except at night.
  23. All tickets are transferable except student tickets.
  24. All rooms are cleaned daily except Sunday.
  25. Nothing changes except the start time.

3) only if／as long as／provided that（必須条件）フレーズ 25

  1. The discount is valid only if you register by Friday.
  2. Free delivery applies only if your order exceeds $50.
  3. The booking is confirmed only if you receive an email.
  4. The fee is waived only if you present the coupon.
  5. The offer is available only if supplies last.
  6. You can enter only if you arrive by 2 p.m.
  7. Changes are accepted only if you pay the difference.
  8. You can cancel only if it’s 48 hours before the event.
  9. We can extend only if the manager approves.
  10. You’ll get points only if you log in.
  11. As long as you bring your ID, you can enter.
  12. As long as you call ahead, we’ll hold the item.
  13. As long as it doesn’t rain, the event will be outdoors.
  14. As long as seats remain, walk-ins are welcome.
  15. As long as you follow the steps, setup is free.
  16. Provided that you submit the form, we’ll process today.
  17. Provided that you qualify, financing is available.
  18. Provided that you confirm, we’ll reserve Room B.
  19. Provided that you agree, we’ll share the data.
  20. Provided that you arrive on time, the fee won’t apply.
  21. Only if you’re a member will the lounge be accessible.
  22. Only if both sign can we change the contract.
  23. Only if weather improves will flights resume.
  24. Only if stock arrives can we ship tomorrow.
  25. Only if you consent will we update your profile.

4) 但し書き・運用（subject to／depending on／有効表現ほか）フレーズ 20

  1. Schedules are subject to change without notice.
  2. Prices are subject to tax.
  3. Delivery dates are subject to availability.
  4. Seating is subject to capacity.
  5. The rate may change depending on demand.
  6. Delivery time varies depending on location.
  7. Staffing will change depending on attendance.
  8. Eligibility may change depending on your plan.
  9. The offer is valid through Sunday.
  10. Registration is open until Friday at noon.
  11. Please submit by 5 p.m.
  12. The pass is valid for 30 days from purchase.
  13. The fee is nonrefundable.
  14. One item per customer.
  15. While supplies last.
  16. No exchanges after 30 days.
  17. Not combinable with other offers.
  18. Online orders only.
  19. Tax not included.
  20. Identification required upon entry.

5) 超速ミニ例題（言い換えに強くなる）

  • 文：Free shipping applies except oversized items.
    問：Which items are not eligible? → Oversized items（except＝除外）
  • 文：Refunds aren’t available unless the event is canceled.
    問：When can a refund be issued? → If the event is canceled（unless＝例外時のみ可）
  • 文：The discount is valid only if you register by Friday.
    問：What must listeners do? → Register by Friday（only if＝必須）

6) ありがちミスと回避

  • unlessを“〜なら”と誤読 → “〜でない限り”に必ず言い換える（逆向き）
  • exceptの範囲見落とし → 修飾対象（items／online／weekends など）を特定
  • only if を“できれば”と誤解 → “必須条件”と覚える
  • by／through／untilの混同 → by＝締切点／through＝当日末まで／until＝その時点で終了
  • subject to／depending onを確定扱い → “未確定／状況次第”と読む

7) 10〜12分ドリル（毎日OK）

  • 分2 合図コール：unless／except／only if／as long as／provided that／subject to／eligible
  • 分5 マーキング練：短文5本に合図語へ丸→“向き”を1語注釈（例：除外／必須／例外時のみ）
  • 分3 ミニ設問3問：条件・例外だけで即答（長文は後回し）
  • 分2 反省タグ：unless逆／except範囲／only if忘れ／by/through混同→最多1つを翌日の重点に

8) KPI（到達目標）

  • unless／except／only if の向き判定：3/3
  • by／through／until の区別：3/3
  • “脚注・但し書き”を根拠にした設問の正答：90％

9) 今日のチェックリスト

  • 合図語を見て1秒で“向き”を口にできたか？（例外／除外／必須）
  • unlessを逆向きに言い換えられたか？
  • exceptの修飾対象を特定できたか？
  • by／through／until を根拠語で説明できたか？
  • 設問を“条件・例外”だけで一撃回答できたか？

10) 宿題（5〜10分）

  • 手元の案内文1本に合図語をマーカー→各行に“向き注釈”を1語で記入
  • 上の100フレーズから自分の弱い10個を選び、声に出して3周
  • 明日、同素材で“合図→向き→即答”をタイマー付きで再現

まとめ
条件・例外は“瞬間判定”が命。unless（例外時のみ可）／except（除外）／only if（必須）を1秒で言い換え、脚注・但し書きの合図（subject to／valid through など）を優先的に根拠化すれば、Part4・Part7の取りこぼしが消えます。丁寧に、でも肩の力を抜いて、今日の10分ドリルから始めましょう。

＼英語学習を始めたいと感じた方へ／

ABOUT ME
マリリン
オーストラリアのメルボルン在住25年の英語講師、マリリンです。イギリスのロンドン、アメリカのロサンゼルスにも留学していました。英語学習、海外生活、異文化、いろんな情報を皆さんとシェアしていきたいと思いますので、どうかよろしくお願いします！

＼　ワールドトークでマリリン先生のレッスンを受けられます！　／

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