さて、今回は過去を振り返って、「あのとき〜だったら、〜したのになぁ」と実際には起こらなかった過去を振り返る仮定法過去完了、「過去のもしも話」についてたくさん練習していきましょう！

まずは基本の例文を挙げてみます。音読してから意味を確認してみてください。

いいですね。「過去のもしも話」はつまずきやすいので、ここでしっかり土台を作りましょう 👍
では ステップ①：仮定法過去完了の基本例文 です。

🔶 ステップ①：基本例文（仮定法過去完了）

実際には起こらなかった過去
形：If + had + 過去分詞, would have + 過去分詞

1.　If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.　
もしもっと一生懸命勉強していたら、その試験に合格していたのに。

2.　If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed home.
もし昨日雨が降っていたら、私たちは家にいたのに。

3.　If she had left earlier, she would have arrived on time.
もし彼女がもっと早く出発していたら、時間通りに到着していたのに。

4.　If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.
もし彼の電話番号を知っていたら、彼に電話したのに。

5.　If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn’t have been late.
もしタクシーに乗っていたら、遅刻しなかったのに。

6.　If he had listened to my advice, he would have avoided the mistake.
もし彼が私の助言を聞いていたら、そのミスを避けられたのに。

📌 確認したいポイント

「実際はどうだった？」
→ 勉強していない／雨は降っていない／電話番号を知らなかった
日本語に
👉 「〜していたら、〜したのに」
が自然に出てくるか

ここまで理解できたら、ステップ②：通常文 → 仮定法過去完了（書き換え練習） に進んでいきます！

🔶 ステップ②：書き換え練習（問題）

※ 下の文はすべて
👉 実際に起こった過去の事実 です。
それを 「もし〜していたら、〜だったのに」 という
仮定法過去完了 に書き換えてください。

1.　I didn’t study hard, so I failed the test.
→ If I ( ) hard, I ( ) the test.

2.　She missed the train because she left home late.
→ If she ( ) home earlier, she ( ) the train.

3.　We didn’t take an umbrella, so we got wet.
→ If we ( ) an umbrella, we ( ) wet.

4.　He didn’t listen to my advice, so he made the same mistake again.
→ If he ( ) to my advice, he ( ) the same mistake again.

5.　I didn’t know the truth, so I didn’t tell her.
→ If I ( ) the truth, I ( ) her.

6.　They didn’t leave early, so they arrived late.
→ If they ( ) earlier, they ( ) on time.

7.　We didn’t book a hotel, so we couldn’t stay there.
→ If we ( ) a hotel, we ( ) there.

8.　He didn’t bring his wallet, so he couldn’t pay.
→ If he ( ) his wallet, he ( ) paid.

✏️ ヒント

If 節：had + 過去分詞
主節：would / could have + 過去分詞

解き終わったら「答えと解説」に進んでいきますね😊

🔶 ステップ②：模範解答と解説

仮定法過去完了（過去のもしも話）

1.　If I had studied hard, I would have passed the test.

実際：勉強しなかった → 落ちた
仮定：勉強していたら → 合格していたのに
→ had studied / would have passed

2.　If she had left home earlier, she would have caught the train.

leave（出発）→ left → had left
miss（乗り遅れる）→ caught（乗れた）
→ 結果は反対になる点が重要

3.　If we had taken an umbrella, we wouldn’t have gotten wet.

take → taken
get wet → got wet → wouldn’t have gotten wet
→ 否定もよく出る形

4.　If he had listened to my advice, he wouldn’t have made the same mistake again.

listen → listened
結果は否定になる
→ would not have + 過去分詞

5.　If I had known the truth, I would have told her.

know → known（不規則）
非常によく出る定型文
👉 If I had known …

6.　If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.

arrive late ↔ arrive on time
→ 結果は逆に考える

7.　If we had booked a hotel, we could have stayed there.

could have + 過去分詞＝「〜できたのに」
→ 能力・可能性の後悔

8.　If he had brought his wallet, he could have paid.

bring → brought → had brought
pay → paid → have paid

📌 ここで必ず整理したいポイント

現実の過去	仮定法過去完了
didn’t study	had studied
failed	would have passed
left late	had left earlier
couldn’t	could have

🎯 学習者がつまずくポイント

❌ If I would have studied
❌ If I studied
👉 If 節に would は使わない

次は理解を一気に深める
👉 ステップ③：日本語 → 英語（仮定法過去完了）に進めていきますね。

今回はすべて
👉 「実際には起こらなかった過去」
👉 後悔・反省・残念な気持ち
を表す文です。

🔶 ステップ③：日本語 → 英語（問題）

※ 仮定法過去完了 を使って書きましょう。

もっと早く家を出ていたら、電車に間に合ったのに。
彼女のアドバイスを聞いていたら、その間違いを避けられたのに。
昨日雨が降っていなかったら、私たちは試合をしたのに。
彼の電話番号を知っていたら、連絡できたのに。
勉強していたら、そのテストに合格していたのに。
タクシーに乗っていたら、遅刻しなかったのに。
もっと注意していたら、その事故は起きなかったのに。
その映画を見ていたら、話についていけたのに。

✏️ ヒント（学習者向け）

If 節：had + 過去分詞
主節：would / could have + 過去分詞
「〜できたのに」→ could have

解き終わったら
👉 「答えと解説」に進んでいきますね👍

🔶 ステップ③：答えと解説

仮定法過去完了（過去のもしも話）

1. 　If I had left home earlier, I would have caught the train.

実際：早く出なかった → 間に合わなかった
catch the train＝電車に間に合う

2. 　If I had listened to her advice, I could have avoided the mistake.

「避けられた」→ could have avoided
listen to + advice（不可算）

3. 　If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have played the game.

仮定法過去完了の否定形
hadn’t rained

4. 　If I had known his phone number, I could have contacted him.

know → known
contact ＝連絡する

5. 　If I had studied, I would have passed the test.

最も基本的な形
would have + 過去分詞

6. 　If I had taken a taxi, I wouldn’t have been late.

take → taken
be late → been late

7. 　If I had been more careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

be careful → been careful
happen → happened

8. 　If I had watched the movie, I could have followed the story.

watch → watched
follow the story＝話についていく

📌 最終整理（板書用）

パート	形	意味
If 節	had + 過去分詞	実際とは違う過去
主節	would / could have + 過去分詞	結果の後悔

❗ よくあるミス

❌ If I would have studied
❌ If I studied
✅ If I had studied

お疲れ様でした！

これで「過去のもしも話」の練習は終了です。
自分でも英作文ができるように練習していきましょう！

春までに差をつける！2月開講・短期グループ講座

すきま英語初心者文法日本人講師

🔶 ステップ①：基本例文（仮定法過去完了）

1. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. もしもっと一生懸命勉強していたら、その試験に合格していたのに。

2. If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed home.もし昨日雨が降っていたら、私たちは家にいたのに。

3. If she had left earlier, she would have arrived on time.もし彼女がもっと早く出発していたら、時間通りに到着していたのに。

4. If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.もし彼の電話番号を知っていたら、彼に電話したのに。

5. If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn’t have been late.もしタクシーに乗っていたら、遅刻しなかったのに。

6. If he had listened to my advice, he would have avoided the mistake.もし彼が私の助言を聞いていたら、そのミスを避けられたのに。

📌 確認したいポイント

🔶 ステップ②：書き換え練習（問題）

1. I didn’t study hard, so I failed the test.→ If I ( ________ ) hard, I ( ________ ) the test.

2. She missed the train because she left home late.→ If she ( ________ ) home earlier, she ( ________ ) the train.

3. We didn’t take an umbrella, so we got wet.→ If we ( ________ ) an umbrella, we ( ________ ) wet.

4. He didn’t listen to my advice, so he made the same mistake again.→ If he ( ________ ) to my advice, he ( ________ ) the same mistake again.

5. I didn’t know the truth, so I didn’t tell her.→ If I ( ________ ) the truth, I ( ________ ) her.

6. They didn’t leave early, so they arrived late.→ If they ( ________ ) earlier, they ( ________ ) on time.

7. We didn’t book a hotel, so we couldn’t stay there.→ If we ( ________ ) a hotel, we ( ________ ) there.

8. He didn’t bring his wallet, so he couldn’t pay.→ If he ( ________ ) his wallet, he ( ________ ) paid.

🔶 ステップ②：模範解答と解説

仮定法過去完了（過去のもしも話）

1. If I had studied hard, I would have passed the test.

2. If she had left home earlier, she would have caught the train.

3. If we had taken an umbrella, we wouldn’t have gotten wet.

4. If he had listened to my advice, he wouldn’t have made the same mistake again.

5. If I had known the truth, I would have told her.

6. If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.

7. If we had booked a hotel, we could have stayed there.

8. If he had brought his wallet, he could have paid.

📌 ここで必ず整理したいポイント

🎯 学習者がつまずくポイント

🔶 ステップ③：日本語 → 英語（問題）

🔶 ステップ③：答えと解説

仮定法過去完了（過去のもしも話）

1. If I had left home earlier, I would have caught the train.

2. If I had listened to her advice, I could have avoided the mistake.

3. If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have played the game.

4. If I had known his phone number, I could have contacted him.

5. If I had studied, I would have passed the test.

6. If I had taken a taxi, I wouldn’t have been late.

7. If I had been more careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

8. If I had watched the movie, I could have followed the story.

📌 最終整理（板書用）

❗ よくあるミス

今回はおなじみのフレーズ”I miss you”を大展開!

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1.　If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.　
もしもっと一生懸命勉強していたら、その試験に合格していたのに。

2.　If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed home.
もし昨日雨が降っていたら、私たちは家にいたのに。

3.　If she had left earlier, she would have arrived on time.
もし彼女がもっと早く出発していたら、時間通りに到着していたのに。

4.　If I had known his phone number, I would have called him.
もし彼の電話番号を知っていたら、彼に電話したのに。

5.　If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn’t have been late.
もしタクシーに乗っていたら、遅刻しなかったのに。

6.　If he had listened to my advice, he would have avoided the mistake.
もし彼が私の助言を聞いていたら、そのミスを避けられたのに。

1.　I didn’t study hard, so I failed the test.
→ If I ( ) hard, I ( ) the test.

2.　She missed the train because she left home late.
→ If she ( ) home earlier, she ( ) the train.

3.　We didn’t take an umbrella, so we got wet.
→ If we ( ) an umbrella, we ( ) wet.

4.　He didn’t listen to my advice, so he made the same mistake again.
→ If he ( ) to my advice, he ( ) the same mistake again.

5.　I didn’t know the truth, so I didn’t tell her.
→ If I ( ) the truth, I ( ) her.

6.　They didn’t leave early, so they arrived late.
→ If they ( ) earlier, they ( ) on time.

7.　We didn’t book a hotel, so we couldn’t stay there.
→ If we ( ) a hotel, we ( ) there.

8.　He didn’t bring his wallet, so he couldn’t pay.
→ If he ( ) his wallet, he ( ) paid.

1.　If I had studied hard, I would have passed the test.

2.　If she had left home earlier, she would have caught the train.

3.　If we had taken an umbrella, we wouldn’t have gotten wet.

4.　If he had listened to my advice, he wouldn’t have made the same mistake again.

5.　If I had known the truth, I would have told her.

6.　If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.

7.　If we had booked a hotel, we could have stayed there.

8.　If he had brought his wallet, he could have paid.

1. 　If I had left home earlier, I would have caught the train.

2. 　If I had listened to her advice, I could have avoided the mistake.

3. 　If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have played the game.

4. 　If I had known his phone number, I could have contacted him.

5. 　If I had studied, I would have passed the test.

6. 　If I had taken a taxi, I wouldn’t have been late.

7. 　If I had been more careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

8. 　If I had watched the movie, I could have followed the story.

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