さあ、今回からいよいよ関係代名詞の練習に入ります!
まずは主格から。
- 先行詞が 人 → who
- 先行詞が 人以外 → which
- 人・物どちらも可 → that
この3点をしっかり押さえるために、
シンプルで構造が見えやすい基本例文 から見ていきましょう!
🔷 基本例文(主格)
① 先行詞が「人」:who
- The man who lives next door is kind.
(隣に住んでいるその男性は親切だ) - She is the student who helped me yesterday.
(彼女が昨日私を助けてくれた生徒です) - I have a friend who speaks French.
(私はフランス語を話す友達がいます)
② 先行詞が「人以外」:which
- This is the book which changed my life.
(これは私の人生を変えた本です) - I saw a dog which was very big.
(とても大きな犬を見ました) - The car which stopped there is mine.
(そこに止まっている車は私のです)
③ 人・物どちらも可:that
- The girl that is talking to him is my sister.
(彼と話している女の子は私の妹です) - This is the movie that made me cry.
(これは私を泣かせた映画です) - He is the teacher that teaches English.
(彼は英語を教えている先生です)
🔶 大事な確認ポイント
- who / which / that の後ろは「動詞」?
- 関係代名詞は情報不足の名詞(先行詞)に情報を追加する形容詞の役目
- this / that(指示代名詞)とは 別物!
ではここから、3つのステップを踏んで練習していきます!
🔶 ステップ①:2文 → 1文
(関係代名詞・主格の作り方を確認)
▶ 手順
- 同じ名詞(先行詞) を見つける
- 後ろの文の 主語 を関係代名詞にする
- A&Bの2文を1文にまとめる
1. I know the man. + He lives next door.
📝 解説
- 共通の名詞:the man
- ②の主語 He → who
- who 以下が man を説明
Ans. → I know the man who lives next door.
2. She is a girl. + She can speak three languages.
📝 解説
- 後ろの文の主語 She を who に置き換える
- 主格なので省略不可
Ans→ She is a girl who can speak three languages.
(※ that も可)
3. I bought a book. + It is very interesting.
📝 解説
- 先行詞:book(人以外)
- It(主語)→ which
Ans→ I bought a book which is very interesting.
4. This is the movie.+ It made me cry.
📝 解説
- made の主語が which
- 「映画が私を泣かせた」
Ans→ This is the movie which made me cry.(※ that も可)
5. He has a dog. + The dog runs very fast.
📝 解説
- that は人・物どちらも使える
- 学習初期は that = 便利 と教えてOK
Ans.→ He has a dog that runs very fast.(※ which も可)
この段階での重要チェックポイント
✔ 関係代名詞の後ろに 動詞があるか
✔ 関係代名詞は 後ろの文の主語
✔ 主格なので 省略できない
🔶 ステップ②:穴埋め問題
(関係代名詞・主格)
※( )に who / which / that のいずれかを入れましょう。
※文法的に複数正解になる場合もあります。
① The man ( ) lives next door is very kind.
② I have a friend ( ) speaks English well.
③ This is the book ( ) changed my life.
④ She bought a bag ( ) was very expensive.
⑤ The girl ( ) is talking to the teacher is my sister.
⑥ I saw a dog ( ) was very big.
⑦ He is the student ( ) helped me yesterday.
⑧ This is the movie ( ) made me cry.
⑨ I like songs ( ) make me happy.
⑩ She has a teacher ( ) teaches math.
🔶 ステップ②:解答と解説
① The man who / that lives next door is very kind.
- 先行詞:the man(人)
- 後ろの文の主語 → 主格
- who / that が使える
② I have a friend who / that speaks English well.
- friend(人)
- speaks の主語 → 関係代名詞
- 主格なので省略不可
③ This is the book which / that changed my life.
- book(物)
- changed の主語 → which / that
④ She bought a bag which / that was very expensive.
- bag(物)
- was の主語 → which / that
⑤ The girl who / that is talking to the teacher is my sister.
- girl(人)
- is talking の主語 → who / that
⑥ I saw a dog which / that was very big.
- dog(動物=人以外)
- which / that が使える
⑦ He is the student who / that helped me yesterday.
- student(人)
- helped の主語 → who / that
⑧ This is the movie which / that made me cry.
- movie(物)
- made の主語 → which / that
⑨ I like songs which / that make me happy.
- songs(物・複数)
- 関係代名詞は複数でも形は変わらない
- make は songs に一致
⑩ She has a teacher who / that teaches math.
- teacher(人)
- teaches の主語 → who / that
さて、最後のステップ3、と行きたいところですが、かなり長くなったので、これは後半に回しましょう!
ここまでしっかり音読も含めて確実にしておいて下さいね。
\ ワールドトークでマリリン先生のレッスンを受けられます! /














