はじめに
Part7で最も多い文書がメール。実は「型」と“決まり文句”がほぼ固定です。型を先に知っておけば、設問(目的/次行動/言い換え/条件)の根拠が一瞬で取れます。初心者にもやさしく、4大パターンを分解します。
0) 共通の読み方(役割で読む)
- 件名=目的の最短ヒント(Request/Complaint/Schedule/Apology)
- 冒頭1文=用件の直球(I’m writing to…)
- 中盤=条件・理由・数字(by/until/because/due to/except)
- 結び=次行動・依頼(Please/Could you/We will)
1) 依頼(Request)の型
- 件名:Request / Inquiry / Confirmation needed
- 目的文:I’m writing to request/ask/confirm…
- 具体:Could you…? / Please … / Would you mind…?
- 期限・条件:by Friday / before noon / attached
- 結び:I’d appreciate it if… / Thank you in advance.
決まり文句(根拠サイン) - request / could you / please / attached / by(締切)
設問で当たりやすい - What is the purpose?(request/ask/confirm)
- What is the reader asked to do next?(send/provide/confirm)
2) 苦情(Complaint)の型
- 件名:Issue / Problem with… / Complaint regarding…
- 目的文:I’m writing to report/express concern…
- 詳細:defective / delayed / incorrect / broken / missing
- 望む対応:Please replace/refund/correct…
- 証拠:order number / photos attached / receipt
決まり文句 - issue / error / defect / not working / refund / replacement
設問 - What problem is mentioned?(error/defect/delay)
- What does the writer request?(replace/refund/fix)
3) 調整(Schedule/Change)の型
- 件名:Schedule change / Reschedule / Update
- 目的文:I need to move/change/postpone…
- 代替案:How about…? / Would Friday work? / Instead, …
- 確認依頼:Please let me know / Please confirm
- 条件:due to / because of / conflict / maintenance
決まり文句 - reschedule / move to / instead / available / confirm
設問 - What change is requested?(move to Friday 2 p.m.)
- When is the sender available?(I’m free after…)
4) 謝罪(Apology/Notice)の型
- 件名:Apology / Update / Notice about…
- 冒頭:We apologize for / I’m sorry about…
- 理由:due to / because of / unexpected
- 対応:We will… / We’ve issued… / We’ll provide…
- お願い:Thank you for your understanding.
- 決まり文句:apologize / inconvenience / due to / will provide / refund/credit/coupon
設問 - Why was the e-mail sent?(apology/notice)
- What will the company do next?(issue a refund/provide a coupon)
5) すぐ使える“決まり文句”20(目的→根拠直結)
- I’m writing to request/confirm/report.
- Could you / Would you mind / Please …
- I’m afraid / I’m sorry / We apologize for …
- due to / because of / as a result
- reschedule / postpone / move to / instead
- attached / enclosed / order number / receipt
- by Friday / before noon / valid through / until
- refund / replacement / credit / coupon
- Please let me know / Please confirm / We will follow up
6) ミニ例題
メール本文
Subject: Schedule change for Thursday’s meeting
Hi Ms. Lee,
I need to move our meeting from Thursday afternoon to Friday morning due to a client visit. Would 10 a.m. on Friday work for you? If not, please suggest another time. I’ve attached the draft report for your review. Please confirm the new time.
Best, Tom
設問
Q1 What is the purpose of the e-mail?
A) To request a schedule change B) To complain about a delay C) To apologize for a mistake D) To advertise an event
→ A(move / due to / Would 10 a.m. work?)
Q2 What does the writer ask Ms. Lee to do?
A) Approve the budget B) Confirm a new time C) Replace a device D) Send an invoice
→ B(Please confirm / suggest another time)
Q3 What is attached?
A) A receipt B) A draft report C) A coupon D) A timetable
→ B(I’ve attached the draft report)
合図まとめ:reschedule(目的)/due to(理由)/confirm(次行動)/attached(添付)
7) 言い換えペア(本文→選択肢)
- request → ask / seek / call for
- confirm → verify / make sure / reply with a time
- apologize → say sorry / express regret
- refund → return the money / issue a credit
- reschedule → move / change / adjust
8) 10〜12分ドリル(毎日OK)
- 分2 先読み:件名と冒頭1文だけで“目的ワンワード”を書く(request/complaint/schedule/apology)
- 分5 メール1本:決まり文句に下線(please/could you/due to/attached/by)→設問2〜3問を根拠一直線で解く
- 分3 言い換えカード3組作成(reschedule=move/confirm=verify/refund=credit)
- 分2 反省タグ:purpose/next/attachment/condition を1つ選び翌日の重点に
9) KPI(到達目標)
- 目的設問の正答:90%
- 次行動設問の正答:80%(please/confirm/let me know根拠)
- 添付/番号(attached/order #)の見逃し:0〜1回/週
10) 今日のチェックリスト
- 件名と冒頭1文で“目的”を1語で言えたか?
- please/could you/confirm で“次行動”を特定できたか?
- due to/because of を理由根拠にできたか?
- attached/order number を抜き出せたか?
- 言い換え(move=reschedule/refund=credit)に対応できたか?
11) 宿題(5〜10分)
- メール1本を選び、目的/理由/次行動/添付を1行ずつメモ
- 決まり文句10個を音読録音(I’m writing to…/Please confirm…/We apologize for… など)
- 明日、同素材で“件名→冒頭→決まり文句下線→設問解答”の手順を再現
まとめ
Part7メールは「型+決まり文句」で読み解けます。件名と冒頭で目的を確定し、please/could you(次行動)、due to(理由)、attached(添付)、by/until(期限)を根拠化。言い換えも動詞コアで対応すれば、迷わず点が取れます。丁寧に、でも肩の力を抜いて、毎日の短いドリルで“根拠一直線”を体に入れていきましょう。
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